Bioreactors as physiologicallike in vitro models

Bioreactors are powerful tools for in vitro development of engineered substitutes through controlled biological, physical, and mechanical culture conditions: bioreactor technology allows a closer in vitro replication of native tissues. One of bioreactors applications is the design of in vitro 3D tissue models as a bridge between 2D and in vivo models, allowing the application of 3R (replacement, reduction, refinement) principle. To this aim, bioreactors can be used to culture cells seeded on engineered scaffolds under in vivo-like conditions. Another key use of bioreactors is for perfusion decellularization of tissues and organs to be used as scaffolds. This contribution describes a dynamic stretching. bioreactor, imposing a mechanical stretching to the cultured constructs, allowing the development of skeletal muscle engineered constructs, and a decellularization bioreactor, designed for decellularization of blood vessels.